Terminology

OCR VIDEO TERMINOLOGY 
Camera shots
A variety of camera shots creates atmosphere and a specific mood for narrative
An establishing shot is usually at the beginning
A long shot helps the audience understand the relationship between character and setting
Mid shot focuses more on mise-en-scene
Contrasting represents binary oppositions eg. young and old
Close up is usually on an object of significance and works as reference for point of view shot which puts you inside the mind of the character
Extreme close up shot draws into emotions of character and is intense and uncomfortable for audience

Movements
A tracking shot is backwards and forwards, it draws the audience in or tells you that the action is over
A tilt shot is up or down and it gives a sense of height or power
Established camera shots create atmosphere and realism
Zoom is into or away and stimulates a tracking shot
Arc shot is a semi circle and it enables the audience to see the characters full emotions
A panning shot is left to right and is usually used when a character is searching a room

GENERAL TERMINOLOGY
Genre - The classification of any media text into a category or type.

Representation - The process by which an image etc may be used to represent/stand for someone or something.

Hypodermic Needle Theory - (also known as the hypodermic-syringe model, transmission-belt model, or magic bullet theory) is a model of communications suggesting that an intended message is directly received and wholly accepted by the receiver. The model is rooted in 1930s behaviorism and is largely considered obsolete today.


Discourse - The expression of ideologies or speech used to achieve social, personal or political power.

Media Institution – The operation of a large media corporation embracing production, distribution and consumption

Mis-en-scene – Everything that is put in a TV studio or film set

Narrative - The way in which a plot or story is told, by whom and in what order.

Form – The structure or skeleton of a text

Ideology - A system of beliefs/values, which can be identified in mass media products or texts.

Denotation - The common sense, obvious meaning of something.

Connotation - Associations triggered by eg. an image or an object.

  ADVANCED TERMINOLOGY

paradigmatic elements/ codes and conventions- items that are used at construction to make a complete product.

syntagm- the completed product (such as a completed magazine or dvd cover)

bricolage- a combo of genres, e.g. action and romance, or romance and comedy.

in-house style- a company of organisation way of communication with a consistent layout.

enigma- exciting (a engimatic character, like Sylar in heroes)

direct mode of address- when a character looks straight at the camera (at the audience, indirect mode of address is the opposite)

MISE EN SCENE TERMINOLOGY

This term is used in film to describe what is in the frame and why. There are several areas to consider when talking about mise en scene:

·         Setting and props

·         Costume and make-up

·         Body language and facial expression

·         Lighting and colour

Each of these factors combines to give the shot a certain 'look' or 'feel'. What is put in or left out of a shot can make a big difference to the signals we receive about what sort of film it is and how we are supposed to feel at this point. For instance, a simple shot of a tree can be made to look threatening by adding a vulture and a storm and shooting it in darkness. The same tree can be given a very different look by having children playing beneath its sunlit branches.

EDITING TERMINOLOGY

cut A visual transition created in editing in which one shot is instantaneously replaced on screen by another. 

continuity editing Editing that creates action that flows smoothly across shots and scenes without jarring visual inconsistencies. Establishes a sense of story for the viewer.

cross cutting Cutting back and forth quickly between two or more lines of action, indicating they are happening simultaneously. 

dissolve A gradual scene transition. The editor overlaps the end of one shot with the beginning of the next one. 

editing The work of selecting and joining together shots to create a finished film. 

errors of continuity Disruptions in the flow of a scene, such as a failure to match action or the placement of props across shots. 

establishing shot A shot, normally taken from a great distance or from a "bird's eye view," that establishes where the action is about to occur. 

eyeline match The matching of eyelines between two or more characters. For example, if Sam looks to the right in shot A, Jean will look to the left in shot B. This establishes a relationship of proximity and continuity. 

fade A visual transition between shots or scenes that appears on screen as a brief interval with no picture. The editor fades one shot to black and then fades in the next. Often used to indicate a change in time and place. 

final cut The finished edit of a film, approved by the director and the producer. This is what the audience sees. 

iris Visible on screen as a circle closing down over or opening up on a shot. Usually used in contemporary film, but common during the silent era of Hollywood films.
jump cut A cut that creates a lack of continuity by leaving out parts of the action. 

matched cut A cut joining two shots whose compositional elements match, helping to establish strong continuity of action. 

montage Scenes whose emotional impact and visual design are achieved through the editing together of many brief shots. The shower scene from Psycho is an example of montage editing. 

rough cut The editor's first pass at assembling the shots into a film, before tightening and polishing occurs. 

sequence shot A long take that extends for an entire scene or sequence. It is composed of only one shot with no editing. 

shot reverse shot cuttingUsually used for conversation scenes, this technique alternates between over-the-shoulder shots showing each character speaking. 

wipe Visible on screen as a bar travelling across the frame pushing one shot off and pulling the next shot into place. Rarely used in contemporary film, but common in films from the 1930s and 1940s.

SOUND TERMINOLOGY

Acousmatic sound - sound one hears without seeing their originating cause   Acousmêtre - akind of invisible voice-character with mysterious powers   Added Value - the expressive and/or informative value with which a sound enriches a image  Audiovisual Contract - an agreement to forget that sound is coming from loudspeakers and picture from screen    Anempathetic Sound - music or sound effects that seems to exhibit conspicuous indifference to what is goingon in the film's plot  Chronography   -  the stabilisation of projection speed madecinema an art of time   Empathetic Sound - music or sound effects whose mood matches the mood of the action  Extension(of SoundSpace)

External logic - the logic by which the flow of sound includes effects of discontinuity as nondiegetic interventions   Internal logic - the logic by which the sound flow is apparently born out of the narrative situation itself    Magnetization (spatial) -  "mental pan" of the sound source  Materializing Sound Indices (M. S. I.)  - sonic details that "materialize" the sound source  Rendering - the use of sounds to convey the feelings or effects associated with the situation on screen Synchresis - the mental fusion between a sound and a visual when these occur at exactly the same time    Temporalization - influence of sound on the perception of time in the image  Vococentrism - the privilige of the voicein audiovisual media